EMPOWER - Module 9 - Citing Sources with APA

In-Text Citations

 

Purpose:

Connects information in your paper to specific Reference page citations

Avoids Plagiarism

 

Remember

Every Reference page citation MUST have a corresponding In-Text citation!

Every In-Text citation MUST have a corresponding Reference page citation!

Exceptions: Classical works (Bible and Qur'an) AND Personal Communications (letters)

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Types of In-Text Citations...

 

Cited in the Text

• Sentence incorporating the author name (Year).
  • i.e. Cited in the Text resembles this example with the author name incorporated into the sentence and then the date in parentheses, according to Doe (2015).

Parenthetical Citations

• Idea or quote (Author Last Name, Year).
  • i.e. Parenthetical Citations resemble this example with the author name and date both in parentheses after the sentence (Doe, 2015).

 

Two or More Authors...

 

One Author

i.e.

• Holmes (2015)
• (Holmes, 2015)

Two Authors

i.e.

• Holmes and Watson (2015)
• (Holmes & Watson, 2015)

*note the different uses of and vs. &

Three or More Authors

i.e.

• Holmes et al. (2015)
• (Holmes et al., 2015)

*et al. - and others

 

Unknown Author...

Use a Shortened Title in Place of the Author's Last Name.

 

Article, Chapter, or Webpage

Title in Quotation Marks

i.e.

• the short story, "His Last Bow" (1917).
• ("His Last Bow," 1917).

Periodical Title, Book/eBook, or Report

Title in Italics

i.e.

• the book, The Hound of the Baskervilles (1994).
• (The Hound of the Baskervilles, 1994).

 

Personal Communications...

 

Definition:

• Sources that do not provide writer with recoverable citation data
  • i.e. Interviews, Private Letters, Phone Conversations, Email, etc.

 

In-Text ONLY (No Reference Page Citation)

• Individual's Initials and Surname (personal communication, exact date).
  • i.e. T. J. Majors (personal communication, June 20, 1867)
• (Individual's Initials and Surname, personal communication, exact date).
  • i.e. (T. J. Majors, personal communication, June 20, 1867)

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Quotes in In-Text Citations...

 

Citing a Quote in the Text

• Author Name (Year) said that he found "Direct Quote" (p. XX), and I am quoting it here.
  • i.e. Holmes (2015) went so far as to believe "the game is afoot" (p. 20), which appeared accurate.

Quote Using a Parenthetical Citation

• "Direct quote" (Author Last Name, Year, p. XX).
  • i.e. "The game is afoot" (Holmes, 2015, p. 20).

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